Вивчення Англійської мови по Raymond Murphy

  A. for and since We use for and since to say how long : Helen is in Ireland. She has been there for three days. since Monday. We use for + a period of time (three days / two years etc. ): For three days an hour a week a month five years ten minutes two hours four weeks six months a long time Richard has been in Canada for six months . ( not since six months) We`ve been waiting for two hours . ( not since two hours) I`ve lived in London for a long time . We use since + the start of the period (Monday / 9 o`clock etc. ) Since Monday 9 o`clock 24 July January 1985 Wednesday 12:30 Christmas I was ten years old we arrived Richard has been in Canada since January . (= from January to now) We`ve been waiting since 9 o`clock . (= from 9 o`clock to now) I`ve lived in London since I was ten years old . B.  Ago ago = before now: Susan started her new job three weeks ago . (= three weeks before now) 'When did Tom go out?' ' Ten minutes ago. ' (= ten minutes before now) I

  A.  Helen is on holiday in Ireland. She is there now. She arrived in Ireland on Monday. Today is Thursday. How long has she been in Ireland? She has been in Ireland ↠  since Monday  ↠  for three days. Compare is and has been: is = P resent has been = P resent Perfect B. Compare:

  A. Jack was reading a book. → His phone rang.  → He stopped reading.  → He answered his phone. (Past Simple)   What happened ? His phone rang . (Past Continuous)   What was Jack doing when his phone rang? He was reading a book. (Past Simple) What did he do when his phone rang? He stopped reading and answered his phone. Jack began reading before his phone rang. So when his phone rang, he was reading . B. Past Simple A: What did you do yesterday morning? B: We played tennis. (from 10 to 11.30) Jack read a book yesterday. (= from beginning to end) Did you watch the game on TV last night? It didn`t rain while we were on holiday. Past Continuous A: What were you doing at 10.30? B: We were playing tennis. Jack was reading a book when his phone rang. Were you watching TV when I phoned you? It wasn`t raining when I got up. I started work at 9 o`clock and finished at 4.30. At 2.30 I was working . It was raining when we went out. (= it started raining before we went out

  A.  It is 6 o`clock now. Paul is at home. He is watching TV. At 4 o`clock he wasn`t at home. He was at the sports club. He was swimming in the pool. He wasn`t watching TV. B. was/were + -ing is the Past Continuous : What were you doing at 11.30 yesterday? Were you working ? "What did he say?" "I don`t know. I wasn`t listening ." It was raining , so we didn`t go out. In 2009 we were living in Canada. Today she`s wearing a skirt (спідниця) , but yesterday she was wearing trousers (штани) . I woke up early yesterday. It was a beautiful morning. The sun was shining and the birds were singing . Spelling (liv e → liv ing / ru n → ru nning / l ie → l ying etc.) C. am/is/are + -ing (present)  → was/were + -ing ( past): Present I `m working (now). It isn`t raining (now). What are you doing (now)? Past I was working at 10.30 last night. It wasn`t raining when we went out. What were you doing at 3 o`clock?

  A. We use did in Past Simple negatives and questions: B. do/does (present) → did (past): I don`t watch TV very often. I didn`t watch TV yesterday . Does she often go away? Did she go away last week ? C. We use did/dsdn`t + infinitive ( watch/play/go etc.): I wached but I didn`t watch ( not I didn`t watched) they went   → did they go ? ( not did they went?) he had   → he didn`t have you did  → did you do ? I played tennis yesterday, but I didn`t win . " Did you do the shopping?" "No, I didn`t have time." We went to the cinema, but we didn`t enjoy the film. D. Study the word order in questions: E. Short answers " Did you see Joe yesterday?" " No, I didnt. " " Did it rain on Sunday?" " Yes, it did. " " Did Helen come to the party?" " No, she didnt. " " Did your parents have a good holiday?" " Yes, they did. "

  A.  They watch  TV every evening.  (Present Simple) They watched TV yesterday evening. (Past Simple) watched is the Past Simple: I/we/you/they                                         watched he/she/it B. The Past Simple is often -ed (regular verbs). For example: work → worked            dance  →  danced clean  → cleaned            stay  →  stayed start  → started              need  →  needed I clean my teeth every morning.This morning I cleaned my teeth. Terry worked in a bank from 2005 to 2011. Yesterday it rained all morning. It stopped at lunchtime. We enjoyed the party last night. We danced a lot and talked to a lot of people. The party finished at midnight. tr y   → tr ied                 stud y   → stud ied                 cop y   → cop ied sto p   → sto pped         pla n  → pla nned C. Some verbs are irregular (= not regular). The Past Simple is not -ed. Here are some important irregular verbs: begin  → began break  → broke bring  → brought build  → built buy  → bought c